Brand new associated form for the Syriac is the pael couch potato participle, whose form are mCaCCaC

(12) In a number of NENA languages the latest preterite out-of Group II verbs enjoys an effective vocalism (m)CoCiC- otherwise (m)CuCiC- with no forerunner in the previous dialects. Noldeke (1868, 213) recommended that the progressive setting was regarding brand new Hebrew pual. Examples: Aradhin mbusille ‘he cooked’ (Krotkoff 1982, 136), Tkhuma mso:re:li ‘I began’, Jilu +poltele ‘he grabbed they out’ (Fox 1992, 54). Variations having o or u try missing exterior NENA and have now in several of your own NENA languages: Hertevin, Sanandaj Christian, and Halabja: Halabja bqirraxun ‘you (pl.) asked’, Hertevin bqerre ‘he asked’ (Jastrow 1988, 206).

(13) The entire establish are marked by the good prefix in all NENA but Hertevin plus Mandaic and in Turoyo. The fresh new prefix takes certainly about three variations: (a) k- to the every verbs (cutting-edge so you can c- into the Urmi, stretched to help you ko- before consonants inside the Turoyo, along with Zakho become grams- before a voiced phoneme); (b) k- however, merely towards the a small group of verbs (with many voicing intake and regularly almost every other change too); otherwise (c) i- into the every verbs.

Examples: (a) Zakho k-xaze ‘he sees’, g-emir ‘he says’ (Meehan and Alon 1979, 182), Urmi csader ‘he sends’ (Hetzron 1969, 115), Turoyo kohoze ‘he sees’, Tisqopa ksaqIl ‘he takes’ (Rubba, private telecommunications); (b) Halabja k-ImrIx-wa ‘we manage say’, but doqIx-wa-le ‘we carry out to see it’, Azerbaijan k-xil ‘he takes, tend to eat’, however, sate ‘he drinks, tend to, will get drink’ (Garbell 1965, 66, 67); (c) Aradhin i-zare:los angeles ‘he tills it’ (Krotkoff 1982, 70), Jilu we-napli baro ‘they pursue her’ (Fox 1992, 55).

Brand new k- prefix is apparently a survival of your own prefix qa- of BT, like in the fresh new ubiquitous qatane ‘he teaches’. elizabeth ‘stands’. In some east dialects brand new shipments away from k- was restricted to a tiny category of verbs (Garbell green singles ban kaldırma 1965, 65). In other people, it’s got gone away and you can come changed of the another prefix i-, and this probably started as the a reduced variety of we[Theta] ‘there is’.

Examples: Halabja geznawa ta knista ‘I visits new synagogue’, Aradhin tla t-sapri ‘to wait’, Jilu zIlli l-yawa zuze tla da kIcca ‘I visited promote currency so you can good girl’, Tisqopa [Theta]e:li ta di-mbaslan ‘I (fem

(14) The fresh new verb ‘give’ is yehav within the BT, and you can yav during the Syriac. This has been remade in every NENA dialects from the incorporation of your adopting the l- ‘to’. This new vital, that has been hav inside Syriac and you can BT, try hal (Noldeke 1868, 256) throughout NENA in which You will find guidance, however inside the Turoyo or Mandaic.

(15) In every NENA, the new only 1 vital away from qyama ‘get up’ has shed their latest m: Aradhin qu (Krotkoff 1982, 145), Sanandaj Christian qu (Panoussi, 110). The newest plural, however, keeps the fresh yards.

(16) In every NENA, this new vital away from (i)zala ‘go’ try irregular: Aradhin quand (Krotkoff 1982, 147), Sanandaj Religious state (Panoussi 119), Jilu se, Jewish Azerbaijani lorsque (Garbell 1965, 285).

(17) Across the NENA, several different terms and conditions are utilized because the feet to possess reflexive pronouns such as for instance ‘myself’. They are: ruh- in the Hertevin along with Turoyo, nos- regarding the three easternmost Jewish dialects, and you may gyan- in the leftover languages: Hertevin ruhan ‘ourselves’ (Jastrow 1988, 197), Zakho qtala gyane ‘beating himself’ (Meehan and you may Alon 1982, 181), Halabja nosan ‘ourselves’.

Which qa- was alone an effective contraction regarding qa?

(18) A new preposition meaning ‘to’ otherwise ‘for’ which will take the form ta, tla, or tla try common, even when perhaps not universal, inside the NENA, but not found in Mandaic or Turoyo. ) involved cook’ (Rubba, private telecommunications), Zakho cuxa los angeles psIxle darga story ‘no you to definitely open the entranceway so you can him’ (Meehan and Alon 1979, 182).